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What is the HbA1C Test?
The HbA1C test is also called the A1C test or glycosylated haemoglobin or haemoglobin A1C test. This test measures the amount of haemoglobin protein in the blood that has glucose coated to it. HbA1c provides an index of average blood glucose levels over the past 3 months (8 to 12 weeks) and is a good indicator of long-term glycemic control as compared to normal blood and urinary glucose determinations. This test is used to monitor blood sugar levels, as well as for screening of prediabetes and diabetes. This is an accurate and easy to administer test.
The HbA1c test can be used in place of or in combination with fasting blood glucose level.
Frequently Asked Questions:
What is the HbA1C Test used for?
The HbA1c test is commonly used to know a person’s average blood sugar level over the past 2 - 3 months. So by knowing the HbA1c value in the blood sample it is possible to know the average blood glucose profile. This value will help to diagnose pre-diabetes, diabetes mellitus, and to monitor long-term control of blood glucose in patients who have diabetes mellitus.
Understanding the test results of HbA1C Test
For a non diabetic adult, the normal range for the haemoglobin A1c level is between 4% and 5.6%. Haemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% means you have prediabetes and a higher chance of getting diabetes. Levels of 6.5% or higher means you have diabetes and you need to take treatment.
| Diagnosis |  A1C Level ( %) |
| Non diabetic adult  | | < 5.7 | |
| At risk (Prediabetes) Â | Â | 5.7 - 6.4 | |
| Diagnosing Diabetes  |  | > = 6.5 | |
Why do I need the HbA1C Test?
- If your age is above 45 years and has a family history of diabetes mellitus, it is always advised to do a HbA1C test once in a year.Â
- If your result shows that you are pre diabetic you need to consult your diabetologist and should get the test done every 2 years.
- If you are under 45 with certain risks in your medical profile like high BMI (body mass index), high blood pressure, heart disease then you need to do your testing every 2 years.Â
- If you have symptoms of diabetes like increased urination, fatigue, excessive sweating, increased thirst weakness, blurred vision you need to do an HbA1C test.Â
- For a diabetic person under treatment HbA1c test should be done based on the doctor's advice to know well if your diabetic treatment plan is working.
What happens during the HbA1C Test?
The HbA1C test is a simple test. During the test, a health care professional will collect the blood sample from either a regular blood draw from the patient's arm using a small needle or by pricking your finger with a land set. There are not many complications or side effects. This process will take only 5 minutes. You can get the results from the lab on the same day itself.
What is the normal HbA1c level?
The normal range of HbA1C test results is from 4.5% to less than 5.7%. The ranges of normal value will vary among different hospitals and pathology labs. The value may depend on your age, and your present medical conditions. So it is always advised to discuss with your health care provider after the test is done to make sure your values are considered within normal range.
Is HbA1c 7.5 normal?
No, HbA1c 7.5 is a little high. The target value of HbA1C ideally should be less than 6.5. This is an indication of diabetes mellitus. You need to get your fasting and postprandial sugar level check and consult your diabetologist.
Is the HbA1c test done in fasting?
No, the HbA1c test is not done in fasting. You are not required to fast before your HbA1c test. This test is the indication of your average glucose level over the past 2 to 3 months. So if you are fasting just before the test, it won’t impact on the HbA1c test result.
Can I drink water before the HbA1c test?
Yes, you can drink water before the HbA1c test. You are not required to fast before an HbA1C test, you can drink and eat as normal. This test is the indication of your average glucose level over the last 2 to 3 months. So drinking water or eating food will not have any impact on your HbA1c test result.
How can I lower my HbA1c quickly?
You cannot lower your HbA1c quickly. It is not an overnight process. The HbA1c test measures your blood sugar level concentration over the past 3 months. So you cannot lower HbA1C quickly. Regular diabetic diet, exercise and diabetic medicines will gradually help you to lower your HbA1C. It will take about 2 to 3 months to see a significant change in the HbA1C value.
Can walking lower my A1C?
Yes, walking on a regular basis will be helpful for getting your glucose level closer to the normal value. It is always advised to walk at least 30 minutes daily. Short post meal walks also have proven to be effective in reducing blood sugar. If you find walking lowers your blood sugar, talk to your consulting physician about adjusting your medication.
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